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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">edpolicy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Образовательная политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Educational Policy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-838X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-0987</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте Российской Федерации (РАНХиГС</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">edpolicy-207</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ШКОЛЬНЫЙ АВТОБУС. Обратная связь</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCHOOL BUS. Feedback</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Право на ошибку. Как убеждения учителей определяют педагогические решения?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Right to Make Mistakes. How Do Teachers’ Beliefs Shape Pedagogical Decisions?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чубакова</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chubakova</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елизавета Юрьевна Чубакова, руководитель проектной группы</p><p>Управление образовательных инноваций и специальныхмеждународных программ</p><p>109028; Покровский буль., 11; Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elizaveta Yu. Chubakova, Head of the Group</p><p>Project Group for Educational Innovations and Special International Programs</p><p>109028; (11, Pokrovsky Blvd.; Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">echubakova@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9679-8445</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чернобай</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernobay</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Владимировна Чернобай, д. пед. н., профессор</p><p>101000; Потаповский пер., 16/10); Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Chernobay, PhD in Pedagogical Sciences, Professor</p><p>101000; 10/16, Potapovsky Ln.; Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">echernobaj@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>56</fpage><lpage>67</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Чубакова Е.Ю., Чернобай Е.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чубакова Е.Ю., Чернобай Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chubakova E.Y., Chernobay E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://edpolicy.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/207">https://edpolicy.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/207</self-uri><abstract><p>   В статье приводится анализ убеждений учителей начальных классов относительно роли ошибки в образовательном процессе и описываются стратегии, способствующие созданию позитивного климата ошибки в классе. Работа охватывает теоретический обзор концепций культуры и климата ошибки, а также эмпирическую часть, включающую глубинные интервью с учителями московских школ. Результаты исследования демонстрируют, что учителя, признавая обучающий потенциал ошибки, в то же время стремятся к минимизации ошибок у учеников и используют преимущественно интуитивные стратегии, что приводит к разрыву между декларируемыми убеждениями и реальными действиями на уроке. Для проведения исследования была использована рамка теории самодетерминации и концепции негативного знания, а также метод тематического анализа данных, полученных в ходе полуформализованных интервью. Установлено, что использование поддерживающих стратегий создает основу для формирования позитивного климата ошибки, тогда как контролирующие стратегии и отсутствие системной работы ограничивают использование ошибки как ресурса развития.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   The article presents an analysis of primary school teachers’ beliefs about the role of error in the educational process and identifies strategies that contribute to fostering a positive error climate in the classroom. The study encompasses a theoretical review of the concepts of error culture and error climate, as well as an empirical part involving in-depth interviews with teachers from Moscow schools. The results reveal a dual understanding of errors among teachers: while they acknowledge the learning potential of errors, in practice they tend to minimize the occurrence of student errors and rely predominantly on intuitive strategies, leading to a discrepancy between their declared beliefs and actual classroom practices. The study employed a theoretical framework combining self-determination theory and the concept of negative knowledge, along with a thematic analysis of data obtained through semi-structured interviews. It was found that the use of supportive strategies lays the foundation for a positive error climate, whereas controlling strategies and the lack of systematic work limit the use of error as a resource for development.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>культура ошибки</kwd><kwd>климат ошибки</kwd><kwd>убеждения учителей</kwd><kwd>стратегии работы с ошибкой</kwd><kwd>обратная связь</kwd><kwd>теория самодетерминации</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>error culture</kwd><kwd>error climate</kwd><kwd>teachers’ beliefs</kwd><kwd>error-handling strategies</kwd><kwd>feedback</kwd><kwd>self-determination theory</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Александрова, М. Ю., Воронина (Мастикова), Н., Говорова, А. Д., Гурова, О. Ю., Дьяченко, Е. Л., Нефёдова, А. И., Печурина, А. А., Полещук, С., Полухина, Е. В., Ромашко, Т. В., Рудь, Д. 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