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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">edpolicy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Образовательная политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Educational Policy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-838X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-0987</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте Российской Федерации (РАНХиГС</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">edpolicy-282</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ В РОССИИ И МИРЕ основные тенденции</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>КЛЯЧКО</surname><given-names>Татьяна Львовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д. э. н., профессор,директор Центра экономикинепрерывного образованияИнститута прикладныхэкономических исследованийРАНХиГС, директорпо стратегии и методологииФедерального институтаразвития образования РАНХиГС</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tlk@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>РАНХиГС</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1 (81)</issue><fpage>26</fpage><lpage>40</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; КЛЯЧКО Т.Л., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">КЛЯЧКО Т.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">КЛЯЧКО Т.Л.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://edpolicy.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/282">https://edpolicy.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/282</self-uri><abstract><p> Статья посвящена анализу состояния и тенденций развития образования в России и мире. Основное внимание уделено трендам последнихлет: резкому росту охвата дошкольным образованием, развитию практико-ориентированного образования в условиях быстрой смены технологий, росту численности студентов университетов и постепенному переходу к практически всеобщему высшему образованию в ряде стран. Российская система образованиядемонстрирует практически те же тенденции, что и развитые страны: растет охват дошкольным образованием, включая детей от 1 года до 3 лет; все больше выпускников 9-го класса идут учиться в систему среднего профессионального образования, выбор которого во многом обусловлен его практикоориентированностью. В то же время переход учащегося в 10-й класс школы, как правило, определяет его дальнейшую образовательную траекторию — поступлениев вуз. Кроме того, анализируются экономические процессы в системе образования, которые сопровождают указанные изменения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The purpose of this article is to discuss current situationand trends in education in the world and in Russia. Three main trends are discussed in this study. Firstly, large and rapid expansion of preschool education because it is increasingly seen by parents and society as a guarantee of future success. Secondly, development of practice-oriented education. Finally, the growth of mass higher education, and subsequently transition to universal high education in some countries.Education development trends in Russia are the same as in the world: increased preschool enrollment, even for children from 1 to 3 years old; rise in the share of youths that prefer vocational rather than higher education; the choice of upper secondary school indicates that pupils will prefer academic trackin the future.This paper will also discuss the economic effects of education transformation</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Образование</kwd><kwd>уровни образования</kwd><kwd>реформирование образования</kwd><kwd>раннее развитие</kwd><kwd>образовательные траектории</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>education</kwd><kwd>education level</kwd><kwd>education reform</kwd><kwd>early childhood education</kwd><kwd>education track</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Агранович М. 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