DIALOGUE WITH THE CLASSICS Moral development of the child's personality in the mirror of culture

Morality is a topic that is usually left at the mercy of fiction and
religion. It becomes the subject of scientific research much less
often than other psychological problems. This article revisits the
classical approaches of Jean Piaget and Lawrence Kohlberg regarding the child’s moral development, as well as Aleksei Leontyev’s idea about the competition of motives and self-construction of the personality as the origins of the moral. The features of the child's mastering of norms and rules are considered not only as a psychological problem, but also in the historical and cultural contexts. The non-conventionality of the child’s norms can be related to socio-cultural phenomena such as child accusers and child's denunciations. This article points out that cultures and social systems differ not only in their understanding of what is"good" and what is "evil", but also in the fact that they create the preconditions for various moral modes, such as strategies of choice and decision-making in various life situations.

1. Abramenkova, V. V. (2000). Social psychology of childhood: the development of

2. child relationships in the children's subculture. Voronezh. (In Russian).

3. Asmolov, А. G. (1990). Personality psychology. Moscow: Moscow State University. (In Russian).

4. Cherednikova, М. P. (2002). "The voice of childhood from far away ... " (Game,

5. magic, myth in children's culture). Moscow. (In Russian).

6. Crain, W. (2002). Theories of development. Secrets of personality formation.

7. Saint Petersburg. (In Russian).

8. Elkonin, D. B. (1978). Psychology of the game. Moscow. (In Russian).

9. Fromm, E. (1995). The Sane Society. Psychoanalysis and culture (pp. 370–376).

10. Moscow: Yurist. (In Russian).

11. Fromm, E. (2008). Escape from freedom. Moscow: Akademichesky proekt. (In

12. Russian).

13. Hanford, J. T. (1982). Review Reviewed Work(s): The Philosophy of Moral Development by Lawrence Kohlberg. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 21,

14. , 383–384. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/1385536.

15. Kohlberg, L. (1981). The Philosophy of Moral Development. Essays on Moral

16. Development (Vol. I). San Francisco, CA: Harper & Row.

17. Leontiev, A. N. (1977). Activity, Consciousness, and Personality. Moscow:

18. Politizdat. (In Russian).

19. Leontiev, A. N. (1981). Psychological foundations of preschool games. Problems

20. of mental development. Moscow. (In Russian).

21. Lukatsky, М. А. (2014). L. N. Tolstoy about culture, society and power. E-Almanac

22. Space and Time, 7(1). Retrieved from https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/l-ntolstoy-o-kulture-obschestve-i-vlasti-1/viewer. (In Russian).

23. Piaget, J. (1932). The Moral Judgment of the Child. NewYork: Free Press.

24. Tendryakov, V. F. (2003). The Thousand and first time about morality. Zvezda, 12.

25. (In Russian).

26. Tendryakov, V. F. (2018). The letter to academic A. D. Sakharov. Znamya, 11.

27. Retrieved from https://znamlit.ru/publication.php?id=7083. (In Russian).

28. Tendryakova, М. V. (2010). Child denunciations and juvenile justice. Education

29. Policy, 9/10 (47/48), 106–114. (In Russian).

30. Tendryakova, M. V. (2013). "Horror stories" and "absurdities" in the light of the

31. moral development of the child. Walk where everyone is (Vol. 4,

32. pp. 379–390). Moscow: Russian State University for the Humanities.

33. (In Russian).

34. Tolstoy, L. N. (1900). Patriotism and Government. Retrieved from http://az.lib.

35. ru/t/tolstoj_lew_nikolaewich/text_1180.shtml. (In Russian).

36. Tolstoy, L. N. (1992). Religion and morality. Selected philosophical works. Moscow: Prosveshchenie. (In Russian).

37. Triandis, H. (2014). Culture and social behavior. Moscow: Forum. (In Russian).

38. Tsui, J., Windsor, C. (2001). Some Cross-Cultural Evidence on Ethical Reasoning.

39. Journal of Business Ethics, 31, 2, 143–150. Retrieved from

40. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25074524.

41. Zamyatin, Е. (1924). The white love. Retrieved from

42. http://az.lib.ru/z/zamjatin_e_i/text_1924_belaya_lubov.shtml. (In Russian).